Hydrogen fuel for energy transition Hydrogen fuel plays a key role in the energy transition by providing a clean alternative for transport, power generation, and industrial processes.

Hydrogen fuel is a cornerstone of the global energy transition, serving as a versatile and clean energy carrier that can address decarbonization challenges across multiple sectors. Unlike direct electrification, hydrogen is particularly critical for sectors that are difficult or costly to electrify and those requiring long-duration energy storage.

In the transport sector, hydrogen fuel cells offer a zero-emission solution for heavy-duty trucking, rail, shipping, and potentially aviation, where the energy density and refueling time of batteries are limiting factors. Industrially, it is essential for replacing fossil fuels in high-temperature processes (e.g., steel and cement) and as a clean chemical feedstock for ammonia and methanol production. Furthermore, hydrogen provides a critical pathway for seasonal energy storage, converting surplus renewable electricity into storable hydrogen that can be used months later to generate power or heat during periods of low renewable output. The establishment of international hydrogen supply chains is also a crucial aspect, enabling regions with abundant, low-cost renewable resources to become major exporters of clean energy in the form of hydrogen or its derivatives (like ammonia). This versatility—from fuel to feedstock to energy storage—positions hydrogen as a vital component in achieving net-zero emission targets.

FAQs on Hydrogen Fuel for Energy Transition
Why is hydrogen considered an 'energy carrier' and not a primary energy source?

Hydrogen does not naturally occur in a pure state on Earth; it must be generated using energy from another source (like natural gas, solar, or wind), making it a means to store and transport energy, rather than an original source itself.

How does hydrogen contribute to grid stability during the energy transition?

It stabilizes the grid by offering energy storage. Electrolyzers can consume excess renewable power when supply exceeds demand, and the stored hydrogen can be used in fuel cells or turbines to generate electricity when renewable output is low.

What are "Power-to-X" concepts, and what is hydrogen's role in them?

Power-to-X refers to using excess renewable electricity (Power) to create another storable energy product (X). Hydrogen, generated via electrolysis, is often the primary intermediate product (Power-to-Hydrogen), which can then be converted into synthetic fuels, ammonia, or methane.